Our team researched the drug Codeine .
We used several at different sources to gather our information . We go information from Jay
Moser and Sue Peterson , our two local pharmacists . We researched medical encyclopedias ,
journals , and magazines . Codeine is known medically as methylmorphine . It is a drug derived
from opium , a poppy plant. It was discovered in 1832 by French chemist Pierre- Jean
Robiquet . Codeine constitutes about 0.5 to 2.5 percent of this plant substance . The drug
has been in use since the early 1900 's and it shares most of the Pharmacologic
characteristics of morphine , the other alkaloid in opium . Codeine is classified as a
narcotic , it has the same effect as morphine painkiller but is only one- sixth to one- tenth
as strong . Codeine Occurs as a colorless or white crystals or as a white , crystalline
powder and is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. The phosphate and
sulfate salts or codeine Occur as white , needle-shaped crystals or white , crystalline
powders . Why is it used ? Codeine is most useful in the relief of mild to moderate pain . it
is alsoused as a cough remedy Because it Suppresses the part of the brain That triggers
coughing , and as an anti - diarrheal drug, Because it slows down muscle contractions in the
intestinal wall . There are possible adverse effects . The most frequently observed adverse
reactions include lightheadedness , dizziness , sedation , nausea , vomiting , and sweating .
These effects seem to be more prominent in ambulatory patients and in Those Who Are Not
suffering severe pain . Other adverse reactions include the following: ( 1 ) Central Nervous
System - Euphoria , dysphoria , weakness , headache , insomnia , agitation , disorientation , and
visual disturbances . ( 2 ) Gastrointestinal -Dry mouth , anorexia , constipation , and biliary
tract spasm . ( 3 ) Cardiovascular Flushing of the face , Abnormally slow heartbeat ,
faint ness , and syncope . ( 4 ) Genitourinary - Urinary retention or hesitancy , anti -diuretic
effect .( 5 ) Allergic skin - rashes .
Most drug manufactors list specific warnings to be aware of when taking codeine . ( 1 )
Codeine sulfate can produce drug dependence of the morphine type , and Therefore has the
potential for being abused psychic dependence , physical dependence and tolerance May
develop upon repeated administration of Codeine . ( 2 ) Codeine May impairment and the mental or
physical abilities required for the performance or Potentially hazardous tasks zoals
driving a car or operating machinery . ( 3 ) Patients receiving other narcotic pain killers ,
general anesthetics , tranquilizers , or other central nervous system depressants , -including
alcohol with codeine May exhibit an additive central nervous system depression . Who
Should not take codeine ? Pregnant women should not use codeine Because safe use in pregnancy
has not established leg . Children below the age of three Should not be given this drug for
That age group Has not been established . Codeine Should be given with caution to certain
patients zoals the elderly or debilitated , and prostatic hypertrophy or urethral
stricture . Codeine can be taken as a tablet , liquid or by injection . A prescription is
needed for codeine in the United States and it is available as a generic . The usual
antitussive oral dosage or codeine , codeine phosphate , codeine sulfate or for adults and
children 12 years of age or older is 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours , not to Exceed 60 mg daily .
The usual antitussice dosage for children 3 to younger than 6 years of age is 1 mg / kg daily
given in 4 divided doses every 4-6 hours Equally .. What are the signs and symptoms of
overdosage ? Serious overdose with codeine is Characterized by respiratory depression ,
extreme somnolence to stupor or coma progressive sing , skeletal muscle flaccidity , cold and
clammy skin , and sometimes Abnormally slow heartbeat and hypotension . In severe overdosage ,
circulatory collapse , cardiac arrest and death May occur. Our investigation of codeine
Progressed from knowing very little about it in the beginning to acquiring much information
on its adverse effects , its warnings , its dosage and administration .
We used several at different sources to gather our information . We go information from Jay
Moser and Sue Peterson , our two local pharmacists . We researched medical encyclopedias ,
journals , and magazines . Codeine is known medically as methylmorphine . It is a drug derived
from opium , a poppy plant. It was discovered in 1832 by French chemist Pierre- Jean
Robiquet . Codeine constitutes about 0.5 to 2.5 percent of this plant substance . The drug
has been in use since the early 1900 's and it shares most of the Pharmacologic
characteristics of morphine , the other alkaloid in opium . Codeine is classified as a
narcotic , it has the same effect as morphine painkiller but is only one- sixth to one- tenth
as strong . Codeine Occurs as a colorless or white crystals or as a white , crystalline
powder and is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. The phosphate and
sulfate salts or codeine Occur as white , needle-shaped crystals or white , crystalline
powders . Why is it used ? Codeine is most useful in the relief of mild to moderate pain . it
is alsoused as a cough remedy Because it Suppresses the part of the brain That triggers
coughing , and as an anti - diarrheal drug, Because it slows down muscle contractions in the
intestinal wall . There are possible adverse effects . The most frequently observed adverse
reactions include lightheadedness , dizziness , sedation , nausea , vomiting , and sweating .
These effects seem to be more prominent in ambulatory patients and in Those Who Are Not
suffering severe pain . Other adverse reactions include the following: ( 1 ) Central Nervous
System - Euphoria , dysphoria , weakness , headache , insomnia , agitation , disorientation , and
visual disturbances . ( 2 ) Gastrointestinal -Dry mouth , anorexia , constipation , and biliary
tract spasm . ( 3 ) Cardiovascular Flushing of the face , Abnormally slow heartbeat ,
faint ness , and syncope . ( 4 ) Genitourinary - Urinary retention or hesitancy , anti -diuretic
effect .( 5 ) Allergic skin - rashes .
Most drug manufactors list specific warnings to be aware of when taking codeine . ( 1 )
Codeine sulfate can produce drug dependence of the morphine type , and Therefore has the
potential for being abused psychic dependence , physical dependence and tolerance May
develop upon repeated administration of Codeine . ( 2 ) Codeine May impairment and the mental or
physical abilities required for the performance or Potentially hazardous tasks zoals
driving a car or operating machinery . ( 3 ) Patients receiving other narcotic pain killers ,
general anesthetics , tranquilizers , or other central nervous system depressants , -including
alcohol with codeine May exhibit an additive central nervous system depression . Who
Should not take codeine ? Pregnant women should not use codeine Because safe use in pregnancy
has not established leg . Children below the age of three Should not be given this drug for
That age group Has not been established . Codeine Should be given with caution to certain
patients zoals the elderly or debilitated , and prostatic hypertrophy or urethral
stricture . Codeine can be taken as a tablet , liquid or by injection . A prescription is
needed for codeine in the United States and it is available as a generic . The usual
antitussive oral dosage or codeine , codeine phosphate , codeine sulfate or for adults and
children 12 years of age or older is 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours , not to Exceed 60 mg daily .
The usual antitussice dosage for children 3 to younger than 6 years of age is 1 mg / kg daily
given in 4 divided doses every 4-6 hours Equally .. What are the signs and symptoms of
overdosage ? Serious overdose with codeine is Characterized by respiratory depression ,
extreme somnolence to stupor or coma progressive sing , skeletal muscle flaccidity , cold and
clammy skin , and sometimes Abnormally slow heartbeat and hypotension . In severe overdosage ,
circulatory collapse , cardiac arrest and death May occur. Our investigation of codeine
Progressed from knowing very little about it in the beginning to acquiring much information
on its adverse effects , its warnings , its dosage and administration .
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