Iron
in its pure state is soft , malleable and ductile (that can be
stretched , drawn or hammered thin without breaking ( ( Webster 's
Dictionary , 419 , 1988) ) with a hardness of 4-5 . It is easily
magnetized at room temperatures and this property
disappears when heated above 790 degrees Celsius .. Metal iron Occurs
in a free state in only a few localities , notably Greenland ( Encarta ,
1996) . One of the physical properties of iron ore as an All which is
its color can be black, brown or
even reddish Hematite is the most important iron ore , comm only Occurs
as "kidney ore" - . so- called Because of its shape ( Symes , 1988 ,
56) Other ores included goethite , magnetite , siderite , and bog iron (
Encarta . 1996)
. Even though iron is tough and hard it is still easy to work . Iron is
a active metal and will combine with halogens , carbon , etc. It has an
atomic weight 55,847 , it 's atomic number is 26 , it 's specific
gravity is 7.86 ,
it 's melting point is 1535 degrees Celsius , and it 's boiling point
is 3000 degrees Celsius It burns in oxygen forming ferrous oxide When
exposed to moist air , iron becomes corroded , forming a reddish - . .
brown , flaky , hydrated ferric oxide , comm only known ashes rest. ( Encarta , 1996)
Iron is formed in shallow seas . It comes out of the water and collects on the sea floor . This Creates an underwater deposit . This process Occurs over Billions of years . Through plate movement the whole sea floor has Eventually moved up out of the water . Once out of the water , the iron has formed a land deposit . The biggest iron deposit in the United States in the Great Lakes . Often called the Northern Minnesota 's Iron Range . There are two ways iron deposits are located. In the first method, special machinery That Detects the iron 's magnetism are used ti find a deposit . In the second method, a plane with special equipment flies over an area or country Suspected of having ore deposits and shoots down soundwaves to determining If That area contains iron deposit . The waves come back up to the plane and Determined by the pattern one can tell if there is an iron deposit .
In the early 1990 's annual production of iron ore in the United State exceeded 56 million metric tons ( Encarta , 1996) . There are two ways in All which iron is mined . The two ways are open pit and shaft mining. Open pit mining is used 85 % of the time for shallow deposits . Open pit mining is also call strip mining . The way open pit mining works is the top soil is removed with a bulldozer and the land is terraced downward . Then the miners set off a large blast and scattereds All which loosens the ores. Truckloads of ore are carried to the surface . As the pit gets deeper and deeper the expense increasement and at some point it is more economical to go to the second method of mining. The second method in All which iron is mined is called shaft mining. Shaft mining is Usually used for deep and concentrated iron deposits . The way shaft mining works Is that a large machine crushes the rock and then conveyor belts are used to transport it up to the surface .
The definition of refining is to make fine or pure , free from impurities , dross , alloys , sediment , etc. When they refine iron they alloy it with other metals . This Produces a very common metal known as stem. Steel is very Widely used . It is used from making buildings to making single screws . Though one might think Because stem is made from refined iron the properties would be similar . This is false . It is the same as gasoline is refined oil . One might think they are pretty similar but they are very different .
Mining is Considered to be extremely detrimental to the environment . Open pit mining has left a major impact on the surrounding environment . Large areas of land are literally dug up and large creators are left . The huge holes disrupt the environment and Are not aesthetic . However , some pits , zoals Those on the Mesabi Range in Minnesota have been turned into lakes and recreational areas this has created for people as well as habitats for birds , fish and other wild life . The noise of the large machines and the frequent blasts in mining must scare away much of the animal life . Fumes from dynamite explosions produce extemely poisonous gases and hazardous materials in mining pockets or May Be released . Dust produced during mining can cause illness , Especially lung disease , black lung disease is associated with coal mining Primarily . In shaft mining , gas can accumulate and explosions can results . Shafts have usefull collasped killing workers . Refining of the ore causes dust and fumes to be released into the environment . In the smelting process to make steel , acidic clouds are formed from the burning of coal . In the U.S. , scrubbers on smokestacks are required to preventable acid rain . Through the years , iron and steel have been used to build our country and providence employment . It's hard to imagine what life would be like if man had not learned how to mine and manufacture iron . Mining is now done in a manner- to conform more to the environment .
Once the iron ore is mined it is taken to a refinery and purified . Much of the iron from the Northern Minnesota ranges are loaded on barges at Duluth and shipped through the Great Lakes to port near Pennsylvania , zoals Erie and then shipped to cities zoals Pittsburgh and Bethlehem . Shipping it here is easier than to ship the coal to make steel shaft more coal than iron is used in this process . Pure iron has very limited use . It is used to produce galvanized sheet metal and Electromagnets . Most of the iron used Commercially contains small amounts of carbon and other impurities . This includes wrought iron , cast iron and steel . Smelting was used to produce early forms of these. Today blast furnaces That use blasts of air heat the iron to produce steel with ferroalloys . ( Encarta , 1996). The steel is then shaped into All which screws are used to hold the face mask on the shell of the football helmet . Steel is used for this purpose due to its strength . The physical properties of iron are totally changed once it has become and stem Therefore good to make screws as it will no longer rest.
Iron is formed in shallow seas . It comes out of the water and collects on the sea floor . This Creates an underwater deposit . This process Occurs over Billions of years . Through plate movement the whole sea floor has Eventually moved up out of the water . Once out of the water , the iron has formed a land deposit . The biggest iron deposit in the United States in the Great Lakes . Often called the Northern Minnesota 's Iron Range . There are two ways iron deposits are located. In the first method, special machinery That Detects the iron 's magnetism are used ti find a deposit . In the second method, a plane with special equipment flies over an area or country Suspected of having ore deposits and shoots down soundwaves to determining If That area contains iron deposit . The waves come back up to the plane and Determined by the pattern one can tell if there is an iron deposit .
In the early 1990 's annual production of iron ore in the United State exceeded 56 million metric tons ( Encarta , 1996) . There are two ways in All which iron is mined . The two ways are open pit and shaft mining. Open pit mining is used 85 % of the time for shallow deposits . Open pit mining is also call strip mining . The way open pit mining works is the top soil is removed with a bulldozer and the land is terraced downward . Then the miners set off a large blast and scattereds All which loosens the ores. Truckloads of ore are carried to the surface . As the pit gets deeper and deeper the expense increasement and at some point it is more economical to go to the second method of mining. The second method in All which iron is mined is called shaft mining. Shaft mining is Usually used for deep and concentrated iron deposits . The way shaft mining works Is that a large machine crushes the rock and then conveyor belts are used to transport it up to the surface .
The definition of refining is to make fine or pure , free from impurities , dross , alloys , sediment , etc. When they refine iron they alloy it with other metals . This Produces a very common metal known as stem. Steel is very Widely used . It is used from making buildings to making single screws . Though one might think Because stem is made from refined iron the properties would be similar . This is false . It is the same as gasoline is refined oil . One might think they are pretty similar but they are very different .
Mining is Considered to be extremely detrimental to the environment . Open pit mining has left a major impact on the surrounding environment . Large areas of land are literally dug up and large creators are left . The huge holes disrupt the environment and Are not aesthetic . However , some pits , zoals Those on the Mesabi Range in Minnesota have been turned into lakes and recreational areas this has created for people as well as habitats for birds , fish and other wild life . The noise of the large machines and the frequent blasts in mining must scare away much of the animal life . Fumes from dynamite explosions produce extemely poisonous gases and hazardous materials in mining pockets or May Be released . Dust produced during mining can cause illness , Especially lung disease , black lung disease is associated with coal mining Primarily . In shaft mining , gas can accumulate and explosions can results . Shafts have usefull collasped killing workers . Refining of the ore causes dust and fumes to be released into the environment . In the smelting process to make steel , acidic clouds are formed from the burning of coal . In the U.S. , scrubbers on smokestacks are required to preventable acid rain . Through the years , iron and steel have been used to build our country and providence employment . It's hard to imagine what life would be like if man had not learned how to mine and manufacture iron . Mining is now done in a manner- to conform more to the environment .
Once the iron ore is mined it is taken to a refinery and purified . Much of the iron from the Northern Minnesota ranges are loaded on barges at Duluth and shipped through the Great Lakes to port near Pennsylvania , zoals Erie and then shipped to cities zoals Pittsburgh and Bethlehem . Shipping it here is easier than to ship the coal to make steel shaft more coal than iron is used in this process . Pure iron has very limited use . It is used to produce galvanized sheet metal and Electromagnets . Most of the iron used Commercially contains small amounts of carbon and other impurities . This includes wrought iron , cast iron and steel . Smelting was used to produce early forms of these. Today blast furnaces That use blasts of air heat the iron to produce steel with ferroalloys . ( Encarta , 1996). The steel is then shaped into All which screws are used to hold the face mask on the shell of the football helmet . Steel is used for this purpose due to its strength . The physical properties of iron are totally changed once it has become and stem Therefore good to make screws as it will no longer rest.
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